Recurrent Miscarriage: Causes, NHS Tests, Emotional Impact & What Happens Next
Experiencing more than one miscarriage can be emotionally overwhelming and medically confusing. Many women ask the same question: “Why does this keep happening?” Recurrent miscarriage is less common than single pregnancy loss, but it affects thousands of women across the UK and deserves clear, compassionate, evidence-based explanation.
This article explains what recurrent miscarriage means, its possible causes, NHS testing options, and what support is available — both medically and emotionally.
Editor’s note: This article follows NHS guidance and is for information only. Always speak to your GP or specialist for personalised advice.
Recurrent miscarriage affects many women in the UK. Understanding the causes and available NHS support can help women feel informed and supported.
What Is Recurrent Miscarriage?
According to the NHS, recurrent miscarriage is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. These miscarriages usually occur before 24 weeks of pregnancy and often happen in the first trimester.
While one miscarriage is sadly common, recurrent miscarriage affects around 1 in 100 women, making it a recognised medical condition that may require specialist investigation.
What Causes Recurrent Miscarriage?
In many cases, no single cause is found. However, doctors investigate several known factors.
1. Genetic or Chromosomal Factors
Sometimes one partner carries a balanced chromosomal rearrangement, which doesn’t affect their health but can lead to repeated pregnancy loss.
2. Uterine or Structural Problems
Conditions that may increase risk include:
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Fibroids
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Uterine shape differences
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Scar tissue inside the womb
These may interfere with implantation or blood supply to the pregnancy.
3. Hormonal and Endocrine Conditions
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Thyroid disease
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Poorly controlled diabetes
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Hormonal imbalances can affect early pregnancy development.
4. Autoimmune and Blood Clotting Disorders
The NHS recognises antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as a treatable cause of recurrent miscarriage. APS increases the risk of blood clots forming in the placenta.
5. Infections and Lifestyle Factors
Chronic infections, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and high caffeine intake may contribute, especially when combined with other risk factors.
Important reassurance: Stress, grief, or emotional trauma do not cause recurrent miscarriage, according to medical evidence.
NHS Tests for Recurrent Miscarriage
If you have had two or more miscarriages, your GP can refer you to a recurrent miscarriage clinic or gynaecology specialist.
Common NHS investigations include:
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Blood tests (thyroid function, clotting disorders, hormones)
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Genetic testing for both partners
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Ultrasound scans of the uterus
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Screening for antiphospholipid syndrome
Not every woman will need every test — investigations are guided by medical history.
Treatment Options and Management
Treatment depends on identified causes:
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APS may be treated with low-dose aspirin and blood-thinning injections
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Hormonal conditions can be medically managed
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Uterine abnormalities may be corrected surgically
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Lifestyle changes may be recommended to reduce risk
In some cases, no cause is found. Even then, NHS data shows that many women go on to have successful pregnancies with supportive care.
Emotional Impact of Recurrent Miscarriage
Repeated pregnancy loss can deeply affect mental health. Women may experience:
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Ongoing grief
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Anxiety in future pregnancies
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Depression or loss of trust in their body
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Social withdrawal or relationship strain
The NHS encourages emotional support alongside medical care. Your GP can refer you to:
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NHS counselling services
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Perinatal mental health teams
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Pregnancy loss charities and peer-support groups
Emotional care is not optional — it is part of recovery.
Pregnancy After Recurrent Miscarriage
Many women worry that recurrent miscarriage means they will never have a successful pregnancy. This is not true.
Even without a clear diagnosis, statistics show that most women with recurrent miscarriage eventually have a healthy baby, particularly with monitoring and early pregnancy support.
Early scans, reassurance appointments, and continuity of care can significantly reduce anxiety.
Final Thoughts
Recurrent miscarriage is medically recognised, emotionally challenging, and often misunderstood. It is not your fault, and you are not alone. With NHS investigation, appropriate treatment, and emotional support, many women go on to experience healthy pregnancies.
If you’ve had two or more miscarriages, speaking to your GP about referral is a crucial next step.